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2015 PKK rebellion
The 2015 PKK rebellion〔Today's Zaman. ''Election security in jeopardy in Turkey’s Southeast amidst deepening chaos''. 05 September 2015. "The region is now seriously being forced into rebellion."()〕 refers to the ongoing third phase of the conflict between the Kurdish-dominated armed militant group PKK and the Turkish government, beginning in late July 2015. The 2015 rebellion erupted following a two-and-a-half-year-long peace process, aimed to resolve the long-running conflict. The Turkey-PKK conflict has been going on since 1984, resulting in some 45,000 killed, as well as 2 to 3 million displaced.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Internally Displaced People )〕
The 2015 conflict between Turkey and the PKK broke out following two year-long peace negotiations, which began in late 2012, but failed to progress in light of the growing tensions on border with Syria in late 2014, when the siege of Kobani created an unprecedented wave of Kurdish refugees into Turkey. Some of the Kurds blamed Turkey for not intervening against the Islamic State during the crisis, resulting in widespread Kurdish riots in Turkey involving dozens of fatalities. The tensions further escalated in summer 2015 with the July 20 bombing in Suruç, allegedly executed by ISIL-affiliated Turkish group against Kurdish supporters; some PKK supporters then claimed responsibility for the July 23 killing of two Turkish police officers in Eastern Anatolia, naming it a "retaliation" for alleged Turkish cooperation with ISIL.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkish crackdown on Kurds leaves death and destruction in border town of Cizre )〕 (A week later, KCK spokesman Demhat Agit denied official PKK involvement, saying "these are the units independent from the PKK. They are local forces which organized themselves and not affiliated with us.") On July 24, Turkey announced a military operation against PKK and ISIS targets in Kurdistan and Rojava respectively, claiming to inflict dozens of fatalities on both fronts – which caused the PKK to withdraw from the peace talks and announce a full-scale rebellion. The same day, Turkey also performed a nationwide crackdown on PKK and ISIL operatives, arresting hundreds. The conflict then escalated, with pro-PKK Kurdish organizations staging attacks across the country, and Turkish forces attacks in the form of aerial bombardments and operations in the east of the country, including the Siege of Cizre in September 2015. In October 2015, the PKK declared a unilateral cease-fire, immediately after the 2015 Ankara bombings; the cease-fire however was terminated few weeks later, in light of Ardogan's announcements on crushing the Kurdish insurrection and continuous operations in the Hakkari province.
As of November 2015, a number of towns and areas in Eastern Turkey had become dominated by the PKK rebels and affiliated armed organizations. The number of casualties since July 23 was claimed by Turkish government to be over 2,000 Kurdish rebels killed (by September 7),〔 as well as 130 Turkish security forces (by September 30)〔 and 35 civilians (by September 30).〔 The PKK claimed 417 Turkish security forces were killed during the clashes with Kurdish militants, while losing 42 fighters (by August 28).〔() "The armed wing of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) released its death toll from the recent clashes with Turkish government forces, claiming they killed 417 Turkish soldiers and police officers and lost 42 fighters in skirmishes and air raids."〕
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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